Transformações nos territórios de produção bovina pelo desenvolvimento do setor agropecuário: estudo comparativo entre Brasil e Uruguai

Abstract

This article analyses the transformations occurring in the agrarian systems of two distinct zones (São Félix do Xingu in Brazil and Tacuarembó in Uruguay), where cattle breeding is known as a central activity for exportation, especially since the 1990’s. However the two regions are based in really different ecological, pedo-climatical and socio-structural situations, similar steps and processes of evolution can be seen in the transformations of agrarian systems. These mutations are concerning the arrival of new actors in production, the homogenization of agricultural territories, the specialization of the agroindustrial chain. In between these transformation processes, we are particularly underlining the movement of destruction of natural soil’s coverts, by forest exploration in Amazony and implantation of cellulose’s trees and soy bean in Uruguay, intensification of mechanizing and integration of agricultural production sector in the agroindustrial chain. By the way of laws, subventions and development of specific infrastructures, the national governments of the two countries were creat-ing attracting conditions for foreign capital investments in these marginalizedconsiderate regions. These dynamics were developed in both territories without consideration for ecologic and social potentialities, leading to a specific way of rural social deconstruction and ecological degradations.